Hormones are crucial agents in intercourse-linked cancers, including most cancers of your breast, endometrium, prostate, ovary and testis and in addition of thyroid most cancers and bone cancer.[ninety five] One example is, the daughters of girls who definitely have breast most cancers have drastically bigger levels of estrogen and progesterone as opposed to daughters of women devoid of breast most cancers. These higher hormone amounts may possibly explain their larger chance of breast cancer, even while in the absence of the breast-cancer gene.
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If a human could Reside extended enough, it can be unavoidable that at least one among her or his cells would at some point accumulate a list of mutations sufficient for most cancers to develop. ^
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does indirectly lead to cancer however it leads to immune deficiency that will magnify the chance as a consequence of other bacterial infections, often as much as numerous thousandfold (in the situation of Kaposi's sarcoma). Importantly, vaccination in opposition to the hepatitis B virus along with the human papillomavirus are already revealed to nearly do away with the chance of cancers because of these viruses in people efficiently vaccinated ahead of infection.
值得注意的是，有些肿瘤并不能截然划分良恶性，病理学检查也可有一定偏差，需要更长时间的临床观察明确其性质。
虽然医生知道哪些因素会增加患癌风险，但大多数癌症会发生于没有任何已知导致癌症的风险因素的人身上。可导致癌症风险增加的已知因素包括：
保持健康体重。超重或肥胖可能增加您患癌症的风险。通过健康饮食和定期运动相结合，努力达到并保持健康体重。
这里需要注意另外一个概念——肿瘤。肿瘤是局部组织细胞增生所形成的新生物。 肿瘤分为良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤两大类。良性肿瘤不会扩散或侵入附近组织。切除后， 良性肿瘤通常不会再长出来，而恶性肿瘤有时会。然而，良性肿瘤的体积有时可能 很大，有些会引起严重的症状或危及生命，比如脑部的良性肿瘤。恶性肿瘤可分为 癌和肉瘤，癌是指来源于上皮组织的恶性肿瘤。癌性肿瘤会扩散或侵入附近的组织， 并可以扩散到身体的远处形成新的肿瘤(这一过程称为转移)。许多癌症形成实体瘤， 但白血病是血液癌症不会形成实体瘤。如果还是没能理解肿瘤和癌症的关系，可以看 下图。在后续的文章中我们将针对各类不同的癌症进行深入的讨论与分析。
减少接触室外和室内空气污染，包括氡（一种由铀的自然衰变产生的放射性气体，可能在建筑物中，住宅、学校和工作场所积累）。
免疫療法是利用人體內的免疫機制來對抗腫瘤細胞。已經有許多對抗癌症的免疫療法在研究中。目前較有進展的就是癌症疫苗療法和單株抗體療法，而免疫細胞療法則是最近這幾年最新發展的治療技術。
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Some alternative therapies have 癌症 already been investigated and revealed to get ineffective but nonetheless proceed to be marketed and promoted. Cancer researcher Andrew J. Vickers said, "The label 'unproven' is inappropriate for such therapies; it truly is time to say that many different cancer therapies have already been 'disproven'."[204]
Pour se mettre un peu à l’horizontale, profiter de la mer et des cocotiers, passer quelques jours sur les îles les in addition proches de la capitale :
如果能早期发现和治疗病例，则可降低癌症死亡率。早期发现包括两个部分，即：早期诊断和筛查。